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Module 1 – Basic theoretical approaches studying motor control,
neuroanatomy and neurophysiology a. History of motor control studies b. Basic
overview of motor control theories • Engram theory, motor programs, generalized
motor programs, open and closed loop control, equilibrium point hypothesis and
dynamic system theory. c. Cerebral cortex: • Topology of the cerebral cortex
(hemispheres, structure of the corex, motor and sensory cortex, pemoror andother
sensory areas); • Cerebral information flow (afferent end efferent information,
preparation of movement). d. Cerebellum: • Tipology (hemispheres, cerebellar
nuclei, analogy of the homunculus with the cerebellum); • Information flow
(input and output information, role of the cerebellum in controlling movement).
e. Nuclei • Topology (pyramidal and extrapyramidal system ad their
interconnections, connectivity of the deep nuclei); • Information flow (input
and output information, direct and indirect connectivity, effects on movement
control). f. Ascending and descending paths: • Ascending paths (afferent tracts
in the spine, individual tracts); • Descending tracts (individual tracts). 2.
Module 2 – Motor learning a. Characteristics of the movement learning process
• The importance of the motive and purpose of the movement action
• Self-knowledge / self-evaluation of motion competences and motion-sensing
calibration • The structure of motion variability through the process of motor
learning • Changes in the structure of movement variability as a result of
fatigue and injury • Implicit / explicit learning • Stages of motor learning
a. Designing the process of motor learning • Approaches to managing the
variance of movement during the training process • Transfer of movable skills /
learning, consolidation, and interaction between exercise units • Focusing
attention during movement learning • Structuring feedback in the process of
motor learning • The importance of representability in the process of movement
learning • Assisted movement in the process of motor learning • Alternative
methods of motor learning (neuro-feedback, optometric approach and similar)
• Determining the intensity of exercise skills • Periodization of the process of
learning motor skills • Moving learning in virtual environments 3. Module –
visual detection strategies. a. Visible detection control: • Physiology of
vision; • Characteristics of vision control (peripheral and central vision,
saccade, micro-saccade, focusing, fixed vision, focusing attention). • Examples
of visual detection strategies in various sports (tasks of dealing with
tactically demanding driving skills, tasks of interception) • Examples of
exercising visual detection strategies g. Research methods: • Electromyogram and
electro-energogram; • Sensory evoked potentials; • Motor evoked potentials;
• CT, fMRI; • Motor tests, • Tracking and monitoring of movement responses 4.
Module – control of motor patterns a. Manipulation movements: • Managing fine
arm movements (neuromuscular and behavioral aspect) b. Postural movements –
upright posture: • Control of the upright position (vertical position, role of
the vestibular apparatus, role of vision, role of proprioception, postural
adjustment). c. Postural movements – locomotion: • Locomotion (sequential
walking and running structure, central centers of locomotion, central movement
patterns, peripheral locomotion) d. Ballistic movements: • The importance of the
structure of power; • Central and peripheral control mechanisms
(closed-loopback, servo control, alpha-gamma activation, explosive movement
control (upper and lower extremities, bumps, target and vertical jumps), single-
and multi-joint motion, pre-programmed reactions). 1. Module – Pathological
states and movement control a. Central nervous system lesions: • Cerebral palsy,
head injuries. b. Impact of the aging process on motor control and motor
learning c. The influence of progressive pathologies of the central nervous
system on motor control • Changes in Parkinson’s disease (aspect of the speed of
movement and fatigue); • Overview of peripheral and central neurodegenerative
diseases and their impact on motor control a. Impact of pain as a modulator of
motor control